His response in a letter of June 5, 1917, was critical: "The notion of the Ucs requires no extension." The Ucs (unconscious) system was adequate for dealing with organic illnesses, for it influenced somatic processes. And of course Groddeck had been reading Freud in the 1913-1917 period.įreud first encountered the notion of the id in Groddeck's letter. Groddeck borrowed the term from the Berlin physician Ernst Schweninger, who had written, "The id cures." The idea of an energetic monism was in any case a commonplace of the German culture of the time. Georg Groddeck used this term to refer to the universal unconscious agency -as force and as substance -that he considered to be his interlocutor and object of study when he treated patients suffering from somatic illnesses: "There is something common to the body and the soul there is an Id in them, a force by which we are lived, even as we believe we are living ourselves" (Groddeck to Freud, May 27, 1917). Consequently, an idea designated " das Es " is liable to be indefinite and impersonal, universal, diverse, ambiguous and equivocal, even contradictory. Syntactically, es may be the subject or object of transitive verbs. Thus es may be interpreted as any neuter noun in German and is also used, like the English "it," in many From the standpoint of linguistics, es presents problems at the border between semantics and the syntax of anaphora: in order to understand what it signifies one must refer to another part of the discourse that interprets it. Its use as a noun, with an initial capital - das Es -is perfectly regular. In German, es is the neuter personal pronoun. Linked with the ego and the superego, the id ( das Es ) is the mental agency, in Freud's "second topography" of 1923, that answers to the instincts and to the greater part of the unconscious processes.
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